The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has made a significant breakthrough in hypersonic technology. For the first time in India, DRDO’s Hyderabad-based Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL), DRDL successfully conducted a 120-second ground test of an active-cooled scramjet combustor. This achievement marks a crucial step in the country’s efforts to develop next-generation hypersonic missile systems.
The Ministry of Defence described the milestone as critical in advancing India’s indigenous hypersonic capabilities. Hypersonic missiles, which travel at speeds exceeding Mach 5 (more than 5,400 km/hr), represent a cutting-edge class of weaponry capable of evading conventional air defence systems and delivering high-speed, precision strikes. Nations like the United States, Russia, China, and India are engaged in an intense race to master this transformative technology.
Significance of Scramjet Technology
The heart of hypersonic vehicles lies in the scramjet engine—a revolutionary air-breathing propulsion system capable of sustaining combustion at supersonic speeds without relying on moving parts. DRDO’s recent scramjet ground test demonstrated several achievements, including successful ignition and stable combustion under conditions mimicking hypersonic flight.
Igniting a scramjet engine is a highly complex process, often likened to “keeping a candle lit in a hurricane.” DRDL’s scramjet combustor features an innovative flame stabilization technique that maintains a continuous flame within the combustor despite airflows exceeding 1.5 km/s. According to the Ministry statement, this breakthrough is the result of extensive research and testing, supported by advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to predict and optimize performance.
Indigenous Innovations and Key Breakthroughs
According to DRDO, the success of the ground test was bolstered by the development of an indigenous endothermic scramjet fuel. Jointly developed by DRDL and private industry partners, the fuel facilitates efficient cooling and simplifies ignition—a critical factor in hypersonic flight. A specialized manufacturing process has been devised to meet DRDL’s stringent requirements for large-scale fuel production.
Another highlight of the achievement is the development of an advanced thermal barrier coating (TBC) designed to endure the extreme temperatures encountered during hypersonic flight. This cutting-edge ceramic coating, jointly developed by DRDL and a Department of Science and Technology (DST) laboratory, offers high thermal resistance and can operate beyond the melting point of steel. The coating is applied inside the scramjet engine using sophisticated deposition techniques, enhancing its durability and performance.
A Step Towards Hypersonic Dominance
With demonstrated capabilities in scramjet combustion, advanced thermal management, and indigenous fuel development, this breakthrough solidifies India’s position in the global hypersonic technology race. The success underscores DRDO’s expertise and sets the stage for developing operational hypersonic missile systems, enhancing India’s defence preparedness and technological prowess.
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh congratulated DRDO and its industry collaborators on the success of the scramjet engine ground test. “This achievement marks a crucial milestone in India’s journey towards developing next-generation hypersonic missile systems,” he stated.
DRDO Chairman Samir V. Kamat also lauded the DRDL team and industry partners for their contributions to achieving stable combustion, enhanced performance, and advanced thermal management capabilities.
Team BharatShakti
