The National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), under the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), has significantly enhanced India’s defence capabilities. Recently, NAL issued a Request for Proposal (RFP) to Indian companies to collaborate on developing and manufacturing a 150 kg class long-range loitering munition drone. This drone is designed to operate at a range of up to 900 km, and it is expected to carry a 15 kg explosive warhead and an additional sensor payload weighing 10 to 15 kg. What sets this project apart is its advanced stealth technologies, which enable it to evade enemy radar. It also offers a flight endurance of 6 to 9 hours, allowing for sustained surveillance and precision engagements over large areas.
The Indian Armed Forces currently use loitering munitions such as Nagastra 1, Warmat, and ALS-50, which have ranges of up to 50 km, to target tanks, armoured vehicles, and other assets. Last year, the IAF ordered 200 Sureshastra kamikaze swarm drones with a maximum range of 150 km, which will enhance their capabilities. However, as demonstrated by the Russia-Ukraine conflict, the evolving nature of warfare has emphasized the strategic significance of even longer-range drones. In this conflict, Ukraine has employed kamikaze drones to strike deep into Russian territory, targeting strategic airbases and even Russian cities, resulting in significant damage. Similarly, Russia has used similar drones to target Ukrainian military positions and critical energy infrastructure, highlighting the crucial role of long-range drones in offensive operations. The effectiveness of these drones stems from their low cost and difficulty in interception, making them a valuable asset in modern warfare.
Considering these advancements, the Indian Armed Forces are eager to improve their capabilities with long-range drones. The NAL’s drone is particularly noteworthy as a versatile loitering munition, offering significant advantages over traditional kamikaze drones. Loitering munitions provide greater operational flexibility than kamikaze drones, such as the Iranian Shahed 136, designed for autonomous strikes on predetermined targets using satellite guidance. Equipped with advanced sensors, these drones can loiter over target areas for extended periods, enabling real-time reconnaissance and precision strikes once targets are identified.
The NAL’s drone combines the capabilities of loitering munitions and kamikaze drones. Similar to a kamikaze drone, it can independently carry out strikes based on pre-set parameters and conduct search-and-attack missions. This dual functionality is especially valuable in modern warfare, where adaptability is crucial. Additionally, these loitering munitions can be utilized for reconnaissance missions, gathering important intelligence on enemy movements to aid precision missile strikes and assess post-strike damage, ensuring comprehensive battlefield awareness.
India’s strategic development of long-range loitering munitions is a significant step towards enhancing its defence capabilities. By aligning with global trends in drone warfare, this initiative not only bolsters India’s operational capabilities but also reinforces its commitment to self-reliance in defence manufacturing. The project’s potential to strike high-value targets far beyond its borders offers a significant strategic advantage, enabling India to protect its interests and maintain a strong security posture on the global stage. As drone technology continues to evolve, India’s investment in this area ensures that it remains well-equipped to handle the complexities of modern warfare, solidifying its position as a leading player in the global defence landscape.
Vinay Sadham
